Stopping for gas in Benson:
typical gas pump, right?
The gas pump stops when the tank is full, so this is how many gallons was needed.
7 is a special number.
Wednesday, June 1, 2022
Tuesday, December 1, 2015
Listening To Orion
This is a new and strange form of data analysis, so I'm starting simple and "looking" at some pretty basic stuff.
The constellation of Orion is rising in the early evenings this time of year, so I thought it appropriate to focus on what can be heard when using some data about the seven brightest stars of Orion: Betelgeuse, Rigel, Bellatrix, Mintaka, Alnilam, Alnitak, and Saiph.
What do the angular distances between Betelgeuse and the other six stars sound like? I calculated these distances and translated them into audio frequencies. The shorter the distance, the lower the frequency. And this is what I got:
Orion Angular Distances
I then took the physical distances (in light years) between us and each of these stars, and did the same thing. Again, the shorter the distance, the lower the frequency:
Orion Physical Distances
Finally, I took the visual magnitudes of these seven stars and translated them into audio frequencies. In this case, the brighter the star (smaller magnitude), the higher the frequency. To get this:
Orion Magnitudes
The constellation of Orion is rising in the early evenings this time of year, so I thought it appropriate to focus on what can be heard when using some data about the seven brightest stars of Orion: Betelgeuse, Rigel, Bellatrix, Mintaka, Alnilam, Alnitak, and Saiph.
What do the angular distances between Betelgeuse and the other six stars sound like? I calculated these distances and translated them into audio frequencies. The shorter the distance, the lower the frequency. And this is what I got:
Orion Angular Distances
I then took the physical distances (in light years) between us and each of these stars, and did the same thing. Again, the shorter the distance, the lower the frequency:
Orion Physical Distances
Finally, I took the visual magnitudes of these seven stars and translated them into audio frequencies. In this case, the brighter the star (smaller magnitude), the higher the frequency. To get this:
Orion Magnitudes
Sunday, November 29, 2015
The Future of Data Analysis
Most data analysis today is done visually: we use our eyes to study images or plots. Ironically, many researchers do this while listening to their favorite music not realizing that a potentially very important data analysis tool is being underutilized or not utilized at all.
I first came up with this idea back in the Summer of 2012, documented on my Astronomy and Music blog post titled 'Feel The Noise'.
What I'm suggesting is that we begin LISTENING to our data. Our sense of hearing has a dynamic range of 1 trillion! That's 120 dB! No other human faculty is as sensitive, yet we hardly ever use it for anything other than listening to our environment.
So in this first very primitive and preliminary example, I've taken data from the JPL Horizons website to calculate the distances between the four Galilean moons as they revolve around Jupiter during the month of December 2015. Over the course of that month, I measured the distances every 5184 seconds for a total of 500, equally time-spaced samples.
This is what I call "Distance Audio".
Six distance files are created:
As you listen to this track, keep in mind that the lower tones represent smaller distances and higher tones represent larger distances.
Also, take a look at the following plot, which shows you the distances between the moons (y-axis, in kilometers) as a function of time (x-axis):
And here's a 2D version of the same data, here showing the x, y distances. The plots above are the vector sum of these distances. These are what I've been calling "Orbital Ribbons" and they are quite beautiful by themselves. Combined with the sound they make, it's pretty awesome.
Take a listen! Please note that there is a periodic popping or "helicopter" noise. This is an artifact of creating these audio files which I can hopefully eliminate once I understand the process better. For now, please put up with it!
Click to Listen to 'Jupiter Moon Distances'
This is only the tip of the iceberg! Any kind of data can be turned into music!
So then I took a random image of M13 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey:
and then I blurred it a little...
and then I blurred it a little more.
I then took the pixel values (representing intensity) along a column going right through the brightest part of the cluster (near the left edge) and translated those to audio frequencies for each of the three images. A higher tone represents a brighter pixel. I then mixed those into a single track and this is what I got:
This is called "Visual Audio"
A Slice Through M13
And finally, here are the first five lines of the hydrogen Balmer series, converted from nanometers to Hertz, and mixed into a single five second track. This can be done for any spectrum and I'm anxious to listen to the spectrum of our sun, other stars, galaxies, etc.
This is called "Spectral Audio"
Hydrogen Balmer Series
More to Come!
This is a new form of data analysis that needs to be explored! Yes, it can create some interesting and possibly "pretty" sounds, but there is very useful information in those sounds that contains information about the data that might be overlooked!
I first came up with this idea back in the Summer of 2012, documented on my Astronomy and Music blog post titled 'Feel The Noise'.
What I'm suggesting is that we begin LISTENING to our data. Our sense of hearing has a dynamic range of 1 trillion! That's 120 dB! No other human faculty is as sensitive, yet we hardly ever use it for anything other than listening to our environment.
So in this first very primitive and preliminary example, I've taken data from the JPL Horizons website to calculate the distances between the four Galilean moons as they revolve around Jupiter during the month of December 2015. Over the course of that month, I measured the distances every 5184 seconds for a total of 500, equally time-spaced samples.
This is what I call "Distance Audio".
Six distance files are created:
- Io - Europa
- Io - Ganymede
- Io - Callisto
- Europa - Ganymede
- Europa - Callisto
- Ganymede - Callisto
As you listen to this track, keep in mind that the lower tones represent smaller distances and higher tones represent larger distances.
Also, take a look at the following plot, which shows you the distances between the moons (y-axis, in kilometers) as a function of time (x-axis):
And here's a 2D version of the same data, here showing the x, y distances. The plots above are the vector sum of these distances. These are what I've been calling "Orbital Ribbons" and they are quite beautiful by themselves. Combined with the sound they make, it's pretty awesome.
Take a listen! Please note that there is a periodic popping or "helicopter" noise. This is an artifact of creating these audio files which I can hopefully eliminate once I understand the process better. For now, please put up with it!
Click to Listen to 'Jupiter Moon Distances'
This is only the tip of the iceberg! Any kind of data can be turned into music!
So then I took a random image of M13 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey:
and then I blurred it a little...
and then I blurred it a little more.
I then took the pixel values (representing intensity) along a column going right through the brightest part of the cluster (near the left edge) and translated those to audio frequencies for each of the three images. A higher tone represents a brighter pixel. I then mixed those into a single track and this is what I got:
This is called "Visual Audio"
A Slice Through M13
And finally, here are the first five lines of the hydrogen Balmer series, converted from nanometers to Hertz, and mixed into a single five second track. This can be done for any spectrum and I'm anxious to listen to the spectrum of our sun, other stars, galaxies, etc.
This is called "Spectral Audio"
Hydrogen Balmer Series
More to Come!
This is a new form of data analysis that needs to be explored! Yes, it can create some interesting and possibly "pretty" sounds, but there is very useful information in those sounds that contains information about the data that might be overlooked!
Sunday, September 13, 2015
Cloud And Song
Here's a composition of mine I just finished. I've had the video for quite a while but didn't know what to do with it until now. Sorry for the poor image quality. Better cameras require dollars that I don't wish to accumulate too much of.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XYQuWP0lhU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XYQuWP0lhU
Thursday, September 10, 2015
Jupiter Today | 11 September 2015 | Eastern Elongations
Hello! Today all four Galilean moons are at or near their eastern elongations.
JUPITER TODAY is a daily blog about the dynamic Jupiter system for the purpose of monitoring activity.
We start with the overall view of activity with the Jupiter system, showing the orbits of the four Galilean moons:
This is a view of the Jupiter system looking down on it. Following the blue line to the left is the line of sight to Earth, while following the gray line to the left is the line of sight to the Sun. The orbits of the four Galilean moons are shown. The large dots indicate the position of each moon at 0h, 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h (0h the next day) UTC for this date. From this point of view, the moons revolve around Jupiter in a counter-clockwise motion. For more information about this graphic, see the post from 30 July 2015.
Orbital Motion
The graph below shows the positions of the four Galilean moons over the next 24 hours as seen from Earth. The curved lines show the path of each moon through time. The dark band in the center is Jupiter. The x-axis is the distance, in arc seconds, from the center of Jupiter:
At 0h UTC, Callisto starts the day in quad 1 moving east. Ganymede spends all day in quad 2 moving west. Europa begins the day in quad 1 heading east. Io starts the day in quad 2 moving west.
By 6h UTC, Io is about to begin its transit of Jupiter.
At 12h UTC, Europa is just past its eastern elongation and is now in quad 2 moving west. Callisto is also at its eastern elongation and is joining Europa and Ganymede in quad 2 headed west.
By 18h UTC, Io is at western elongation and is moving into quad 4 heading east.
By 0h UTC tomorrow, Io is firmly in quad 4 moving east. Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are all in quad 2 moving west.
Apojoves and Perijoves
At 04:49 UTC, Io goes through an apojove at a distance of 423,499.1 km from Jupiter.
Relative Positions and Motions
At 0h UTC, the position of Jupiter is RA 10h 33m 59.5s, DEC +09d 59m 13.9s. The phase angle is 2.110 degrees, which is 0.138 degrees greater than yesterday. The angle between Jupiter and the Sun is 11.368 degrees, which is 0.754 degrees greater than yesterday. The distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 806,595,126.1 km, which is 35,663.8 km further away than yesterday. Jupiter is moving away from the Sun at a velocity of 1,485.99 km/h, which is 0.6 km/h faster than yesterday. Earth is 953,725,530.6 km from Jupiter, which is 449,006.2 km closer than yesterday. Earth is moving towards Jupiter at a velocity of 18,700.59 km/h, which is 1,293.26 km/h faster than yesterday. We continue to accelerate towards Jupiter. What force are we feeling from F=ma???????
Jupiter-Satellite Events
From 06:44 to 09:02 UTC, the shadow of Io transits Jupiter. From 06:59 to 09:17 UTC, Io transits Jupiter.
Glorious Orbital Ribbons
These are the spacial and temporal connections between the four Galilean moons. This is, once again, looking down upon the Jupiter system.
When is the first image of Jupiter after Superior Conjunction going to be taken? If you have one, send it to me!
Spread the word about this daily blog! This blog is subject to evolution. What can I do to make this blog more interesting and more informative?
Subscribe at the right column of this blog and get these posts sent to you automatically!
Please send me your feedback, comments, and questions to jupitertoday AT gmail DOT com or the comments section of this blog.
With my gratitude, the data used to create the orbit plots and ribbons was supplied by the JPL Horizons website. The graphics showing the location of the four moons as seen from Earth are via 'Jupiter Viewer 2.8'. Jupiter-Satellite and Satellite mutual events data is supplied from IMCEE.
Until tomorrow, I bid you Peace.
JUPITER TODAY is a daily blog about the dynamic Jupiter system for the purpose of monitoring activity.
We start with the overall view of activity with the Jupiter system, showing the orbits of the four Galilean moons:
This is a view of the Jupiter system looking down on it. Following the blue line to the left is the line of sight to Earth, while following the gray line to the left is the line of sight to the Sun. The orbits of the four Galilean moons are shown. The large dots indicate the position of each moon at 0h, 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h (0h the next day) UTC for this date. From this point of view, the moons revolve around Jupiter in a counter-clockwise motion. For more information about this graphic, see the post from 30 July 2015.
Orbital Motion
The graph below shows the positions of the four Galilean moons over the next 24 hours as seen from Earth. The curved lines show the path of each moon through time. The dark band in the center is Jupiter. The x-axis is the distance, in arc seconds, from the center of Jupiter:
At 0h UTC, Callisto starts the day in quad 1 moving east. Ganymede spends all day in quad 2 moving west. Europa begins the day in quad 1 heading east. Io starts the day in quad 2 moving west.
By 6h UTC, Io is about to begin its transit of Jupiter.
At 12h UTC, Europa is just past its eastern elongation and is now in quad 2 moving west. Callisto is also at its eastern elongation and is joining Europa and Ganymede in quad 2 headed west.
By 18h UTC, Io is at western elongation and is moving into quad 4 heading east.
By 0h UTC tomorrow, Io is firmly in quad 4 moving east. Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are all in quad 2 moving west.
Apojoves and Perijoves
At 04:49 UTC, Io goes through an apojove at a distance of 423,499.1 km from Jupiter.
Relative Positions and Motions
At 0h UTC, the position of Jupiter is RA 10h 33m 59.5s, DEC +09d 59m 13.9s. The phase angle is 2.110 degrees, which is 0.138 degrees greater than yesterday. The angle between Jupiter and the Sun is 11.368 degrees, which is 0.754 degrees greater than yesterday. The distance between Jupiter and the Sun is 806,595,126.1 km, which is 35,663.8 km further away than yesterday. Jupiter is moving away from the Sun at a velocity of 1,485.99 km/h, which is 0.6 km/h faster than yesterday. Earth is 953,725,530.6 km from Jupiter, which is 449,006.2 km closer than yesterday. Earth is moving towards Jupiter at a velocity of 18,700.59 km/h, which is 1,293.26 km/h faster than yesterday. We continue to accelerate towards Jupiter. What force are we feeling from F=ma???????
Jupiter-Satellite Events
From 06:44 to 09:02 UTC, the shadow of Io transits Jupiter. From 06:59 to 09:17 UTC, Io transits Jupiter.
Glorious Orbital Ribbons
These are the spacial and temporal connections between the four Galilean moons. This is, once again, looking down upon the Jupiter system.
When is the first image of Jupiter after Superior Conjunction going to be taken? If you have one, send it to me!
Spread the word about this daily blog! This blog is subject to evolution. What can I do to make this blog more interesting and more informative?
Subscribe at the right column of this blog and get these posts sent to you automatically!
Please send me your feedback, comments, and questions to jupitertoday AT gmail DOT com or the comments section of this blog.
With my gratitude, the data used to create the orbit plots and ribbons was supplied by the JPL Horizons website. The graphics showing the location of the four moons as seen from Earth are via 'Jupiter Viewer 2.8'. Jupiter-Satellite and Satellite mutual events data is supplied from IMCEE.
Until tomorrow, I bid you Peace.
Wednesday, September 9, 2015
Tao Teh Ching 43
Here's the one I "randomly" chose today:
The softest of all things
Overrides the hardest of all things.
Only Nothing can enter into non-space
Hence I know the advantages of Non-Ado.
Few things under heaven are as instructive as the lessons of Silence,
Or as beneficial as the fruits of Non-Ado.
The softest of all things
Overrides the hardest of all things.
Only Nothing can enter into non-space
Hence I know the advantages of Non-Ado.
Few things under heaven are as instructive as the lessons of Silence,
Or as beneficial as the fruits of Non-Ado.
Jupiter Today | 10 September 2015 | All End East
Hello! At the end of today, all four Galilean moons are east of Jupiter. A great sight to see, for sure!
JUPITER TODAY is a daily blog about the dynamic Jupiter system for the purpose of monitoring activity.
We start with the overall view of activity with the Jupiter system, showing the orbits of the four Galilean moons:
This is a view of the Jupiter system looking down on it. Following the blue line to the left is the line of sight to Earth, while following the gray line to the left is the line of sight to the Sun. The orbits of the four Galilean moons are shown. The large dots indicate the position of each moon at 0h, 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h (0h the next day) UTC for this date. From this point of view, the moons revolve around Jupiter in a counter-clockwise motion. For more information about this graphic, see the post from 30 July 2015.
Orbital Motion
The graph below shows the positions of the four Galilean moons over the next 24 hours as seen from Earth. The curved lines show the path of each moon through time. The dark band in the center is Jupiter. The x-axis is the distance, in arc seconds, from the center of Jupiter:
At 0h UTC, Io begins the day at western elongation and will be moving into quad 4 headed east. Europa starts the day in quad 4 moving east pretty near Io from Earth's POV. Ganymede spends most of the day in quad 1 moving east. Callisto is in quad 1 moving east one more day.
At 6h UTC, Io is now firmly in quad 4 headed east.
By 12h UTC, Io and Europa are moving behind Jupiter.
By 18h UTC, Io and Europa are now firmly in quad 1 moving east. Ganymede is at eastern elongation and will be moving into quad 2 headed west.
At 0h UTC tomorrow, Io has gone through eastern elongation and is now in quad 2 headed west. Europa continues in quad 1 moving east for another half-day. Ganymede is now firmly in quad 2 moving west. Callisto spends its last full day in quad 1 moving east.
Apojoves and Perijoves
At 07:42 UTC, Io goes through a perijove (closest it will be to Jupiter this orbit) at a distance of 420,046.8 km. At 08:05 UTC, on the same side of the planet Europa goes through an apojove (furthest it will be to Jupiter this orbit) at a distance of 677,643.9 km. Europa is 1.613 times further away from Jupiter than Io.
Relative Positions and Motions
At 0h UTC, the position of Jupiter is RA 10h 33m 10.6s, DEC +10d 03m 56.4s. The phase angle continues to widen and today it's 1.972 degrees, which is 0.138 degrees greater than yesterday. Jupiter also continues to move away from the Sun at an angular separation of 10.614 degrees, which is 0.753 degrees greater than yesterday. The distance between Jupiter and Earth is 954,174,536.8 km, which is 417,968 km closer than yesterday. Jupiter and Earth are moving toward one another at a velocity of 17,415.33 km/h (similar to low Earth orbiting satellites) ad this is 1.294.1 km/h faster than yesterday. Jupiter is 806,559,462.3 km from the Sun, which is 35,649.4 km further away than yesterday. Jupiter and the Sun are moving apart at a velocity of 1,485.39 km/h, which is 0.26 km/h faster than yesterday.
Jupiter-Satellite Events
From 09:27 to 11:59 UTC, Io moves behind Jupiter. From 12:14 to 15:38 UTC, Europa moves behind Jupiter.
Orbital Ribbons
These are the spacial and temporal connections between the four Galilean moons. This is, once again, looking down upon the Jupiter system.
When is the first image of Jupiter after Superior Conjunction going to be taken? If you have one, send it to me!
Spread the word about this daily blog! This blog is subject to evolution. What can I do to make this blog more interesting and more informative?
Subscribe at the right column of this blog and get these posts sent to you automatically!
Please send me your feedback, comments, and questions to jupitertoday AT gmail DOT com or the comments section of this blog.
With my gratitude, the data used to create the orbit plots and ribbons was supplied by the JPL Horizons website. The graphics showing the location of the four moons as seen from Earth are via 'Jupiter Viewer 2.8'. Jupiter-Satellite and Satellite mutual events data is supplied from IMCEE.
Until tomorrow, I bid you Peace.
JUPITER TODAY is a daily blog about the dynamic Jupiter system for the purpose of monitoring activity.
We start with the overall view of activity with the Jupiter system, showing the orbits of the four Galilean moons:
This is a view of the Jupiter system looking down on it. Following the blue line to the left is the line of sight to Earth, while following the gray line to the left is the line of sight to the Sun. The orbits of the four Galilean moons are shown. The large dots indicate the position of each moon at 0h, 6h, 12h, 18h, and 24h (0h the next day) UTC for this date. From this point of view, the moons revolve around Jupiter in a counter-clockwise motion. For more information about this graphic, see the post from 30 July 2015.
Orbital Motion
The graph below shows the positions of the four Galilean moons over the next 24 hours as seen from Earth. The curved lines show the path of each moon through time. The dark band in the center is Jupiter. The x-axis is the distance, in arc seconds, from the center of Jupiter:
At 0h UTC, Io begins the day at western elongation and will be moving into quad 4 headed east. Europa starts the day in quad 4 moving east pretty near Io from Earth's POV. Ganymede spends most of the day in quad 1 moving east. Callisto is in quad 1 moving east one more day.
At 6h UTC, Io is now firmly in quad 4 headed east.
By 12h UTC, Io and Europa are moving behind Jupiter.
By 18h UTC, Io and Europa are now firmly in quad 1 moving east. Ganymede is at eastern elongation and will be moving into quad 2 headed west.
At 0h UTC tomorrow, Io has gone through eastern elongation and is now in quad 2 headed west. Europa continues in quad 1 moving east for another half-day. Ganymede is now firmly in quad 2 moving west. Callisto spends its last full day in quad 1 moving east.
Apojoves and Perijoves
At 07:42 UTC, Io goes through a perijove (closest it will be to Jupiter this orbit) at a distance of 420,046.8 km. At 08:05 UTC, on the same side of the planet Europa goes through an apojove (furthest it will be to Jupiter this orbit) at a distance of 677,643.9 km. Europa is 1.613 times further away from Jupiter than Io.
Relative Positions and Motions
At 0h UTC, the position of Jupiter is RA 10h 33m 10.6s, DEC +10d 03m 56.4s. The phase angle continues to widen and today it's 1.972 degrees, which is 0.138 degrees greater than yesterday. Jupiter also continues to move away from the Sun at an angular separation of 10.614 degrees, which is 0.753 degrees greater than yesterday. The distance between Jupiter and Earth is 954,174,536.8 km, which is 417,968 km closer than yesterday. Jupiter and Earth are moving toward one another at a velocity of 17,415.33 km/h (similar to low Earth orbiting satellites) ad this is 1.294.1 km/h faster than yesterday. Jupiter is 806,559,462.3 km from the Sun, which is 35,649.4 km further away than yesterday. Jupiter and the Sun are moving apart at a velocity of 1,485.39 km/h, which is 0.26 km/h faster than yesterday.
Jupiter-Satellite Events
From 09:27 to 11:59 UTC, Io moves behind Jupiter. From 12:14 to 15:38 UTC, Europa moves behind Jupiter.
Orbital Ribbons
These are the spacial and temporal connections between the four Galilean moons. This is, once again, looking down upon the Jupiter system.
When is the first image of Jupiter after Superior Conjunction going to be taken? If you have one, send it to me!
Spread the word about this daily blog! This blog is subject to evolution. What can I do to make this blog more interesting and more informative?
Subscribe at the right column of this blog and get these posts sent to you automatically!
Please send me your feedback, comments, and questions to jupitertoday AT gmail DOT com or the comments section of this blog.
With my gratitude, the data used to create the orbit plots and ribbons was supplied by the JPL Horizons website. The graphics showing the location of the four moons as seen from Earth are via 'Jupiter Viewer 2.8'. Jupiter-Satellite and Satellite mutual events data is supplied from IMCEE.
Until tomorrow, I bid you Peace.
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